Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

In the novel Of Mice and Men, Jon Steinbeck depicts the life of two basic men searching for chip away at different farms all through the United States. A definitive objective of Lenny and George is to set aside enough cash so they will have the option to buy their own farm. Venturing to every part of the nation looking for work demonstrates to the men that friendship is perhaps the best thing a man can acquire. Steinbeck utilizes his novel to present a few subjects that numerous individuals will experience in life, for example, depression, passing, and pursuing the American dream. Â Â Â Â Â Lenny and George find that as long as they have one another, they will consistently have something. A large portion of the other farm laborers don't have any family or a dear companion. Lenny can not deal with himself and relies upon George to do as such. George only depends on Lenny for friendship and as somebody to trust in. George tells Lenny of his deepest desires and in spite of the fact that Lenny may not completely understand what George is stating, George’s requirement for somebody to talk with is satisfied. Lenny and George are practically similar to a family as in they fulfill each other’s passionate needs and stay with one another. Both Lenny and George advantage incredibly from their relationship. Despite the fact that apparently Lenny needs George more, George’s needs are only not as clear. Without Lenny, George would take his compensation, and “go into town and purchase alcohol.'; Lenny is a methods for expectation and his quality keeps George on target. Â Â Â Â Â Death isn't seen to be the most noticeably terrible conceivable circumstance in this occasion. Lenny has a state of mind and has the intellectual ability proportional to that of a third grader. Lenny’s thinking aptitudes, or rather deficiency in that department, lead him into doing damage to other people and at last into slaughtering Curley’s spouse. After the other farm laborers discover Curley’s spouse dead, they think Lenny to be the executioner. Lenny flees and covers up in a recognize that George has advised him to hurry to in the event that anything awful ought to ever occur. George discovers Lenny before different men do, however unexpectedly George executes Lenny. George doesn't murder Lenny to dispose of him and not need to deal with him any longer, however as method of helping him. Lenny’s mental state dissuades him from separating directly from wrong and along these lines, Lenny remains in a difficult situation. Lenny doesn't grasp his quality and doesn't have the foggiest idea how to contain it.

Original Classroom Assessment Essay Example for Free

Unique Classroom Assessment Essay In the course of recent years, there have been numerous discussions and hypotheses made with respect to the centralization of world mainstream society on Western †especially, American impacts. American customer images, for example, McDonald and Mickey are among the most well known appearances of the enormously expanding influence of the U. S. on different nations all around the world. As American customer culture keeps on grasping an overall social circle, the issue of globalization through social government additionally rises. Social government alludes to a totally different type of imperialism. Essentially, it is the demonstration of attacking a nation at a social level, accordingly step by step supplanting the transcendent neighborhood culture with an outside culture through business impacts. Unquestionably, American shopper culture doesn't just overrun overall business adventures. It additionally saturates regular daily existence as overall purchasers keep on disparaging American social products. The term â€Å"cultural commodities† alludes to a wide scope of items and administrations that can conceivably modify or influence culture in fluctuating degrees. Social items can be as mechanical items, logical methods, learning frameworks, instructive administrations, and media marketing. Among all these, the media items are viewed as the best vehicle for transmitting ways of life, qualities, and belief systems. In this paper, the exploration centers around a specific mode of social transmission †films. Film, as a well known type of diversion around the world, is viewed as a significant scene for social transmission as it arrives at an enormous measure of crowd. Hollywood’s overall strength has raised worries about the disintegration of nearby film enterprises, just as the topics and assets that it includes. While trying to basically look at what impacts does globalization through media-put together social dominion present with respect to neighborhood societies and businesses, this examination focuses on the British film industry. Since the British country once had the equivalent social predominance that the US appreciates these days, it is just fit to inspect how the social product of a once-amazing country can withstand the difficulties presented by today’s prevailing society. In this exploration, the status of the British film industry in a profoundly US-commanded field will be investigated dependent on the hypothetical clarifications of why Hollywood keeps on flourishing in the midst of guessed nearby competency and obstruction. As the appearances of social government in the British film industry are portrayed, this examination will likewise include an investigation of what qualifies as a British film from a social perspective. In addition, the investigation additionally presents a few stages on how the British film industry can flourish in today’s facilitated commerce setting. Contemplating on the discussions of facilitated commerce and reliance speculations, this examination takes a shot at the contention that in spite of the fact that the British film industry is greatly pushed by globalization and US social colonialism, the most proper showcasing suggestion for it stays to be the nation’s neighborhood imaginative assets and usage of abroad venture, not the utilization of US-designed systems on a local level.

Mid-January Updates

Mid-January Updates Hello! Heres the latest: We have begun reading regular action applications. It looks like application numbers will be up once again this year. Lots of reading to be done! If you are a regular action applicant, please check your application tracking on MyMIT today. If you are missing an application component, such as a transcript or teacher evaluation, now is a good time to follow up on that and make sure we have it as soon as possible. If you are in the regular action pool (regular action applicant or early action deferred), and you are in an American school, please try to get us your Mid-Year Grade Report as soon as possible after the grades are available (if youre on a trimester system, we probably already have all the grades we need). If you are an early action deferred student, and you are looking to send us an update, I would recommend doing so in the next couple weeks, before we go into selection committee. The financial aid deadline is quickly approaching. Be sure to have all of your documents to the financial aid office by February 15. I havent forgotten about the Mini-contest. Ill post some great entries tomorrow! Finally, I hope you can start to relax. Im still getting some really stressed out comments and emails, but this interim period between submitting your application and receiving your decision is a good time to focus on family, friends, and school. You can worry again about college once you have to start making your decision ;)

Doing Chores ESL Lesson Plan

This lesson plan focuses on common chores around the house. Students will learn collocations such as mow the lawn and cut the grass related to tasks around the house. For adult learners, use this lesson to focus on chores parents choose for their own children. Doing chores and getting an allowance can contribute to learning responsibility which will open the doors to further conversation in class.   English Lesson Plan on Doing Chores Aim: Vocabulary and discussion related to the topic of chores Activity: Vocabulary review/learning, followed by discussion activities Level: Lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline: Introduce the idea of chores and allowance by recounting your own experience with chores and allowance.Have students read the short introduction to chores.Ask students if they had to (or have to) to do chores.Brainstorm chores as a class, writing various chores on the board.Ask students to review the list of common chores and ask any questions they may have.Have students break up into small groups of three to four.Ask students to choose the best five chores and the worst five chores as a group.As a class, ask students to explain their choices of the best / worst five chores.  Have students to discuss the chore/allowance questions in their groups.Read the example role-play about chores with a student from the class.Ask students to pair up and write their own chores dialogue.   Introduction to Chores In many countries, children are required to do chores around the house. Chores can be defined as little jobs you do around the house to help keep everything clean and orderly. In the United States, many parents ask their children to do chores in order to earn an allowance. An allowance is an amount of money paid on a weekly, or monthly basis. Allowances allow children to have some pocket money to spend as they see fit. This can help them learn to manage their own money, as well as help them become more independent as they grow up. Here are some of the most common chores that children are asked to do.   Common Chores to Earn Your Allowance clean your roommake your bedpick up / put away / hang up your clotheswash the disheswash the carmow the lawn / cut the grasspick up your toyspull weedsdo the vacuuming  repair the computerplan a mealprepare/cook dinner  set the tableclear the tablewash the dishes  clean out the fridge or freezerclean the shower or tubdisinfect the toiletdo the laundrywash the clothesdry the clothesput away the clothesmob the floorsvacuum the carpets/rugsrake the leaves in fallshovel snow in winter Chore Questions How many of these chores have you done in your life?  Do / Did your parents ask you to do chores?  Do / Did your parents give you an allowance? How much was it?Do / Will you ask your children to do chores?Do / Will you give your children an allowance?Which chores are the worst? Which chores do you prefer? Chores Dialogue Mom: Tom, Have you done your chores yet?Tom: No Mom. Im too busy.Mom: If you dont do your chores, you wont get your allowance.Tom: Mom! Thats not fair, Im going out with friends tonight.Mom: Youll have to ask your friends for money  because you havent done your chores.Tom: Come on. Ill do them tomorrow.Mom: If you want your allowance, youll do your chores today. They wont take more than an hour.Tom: Why do I have to do chores anyway? None of my friends have to do chores.Mom: You dont live with them do you? In this house we do chores, and that means you have to mow the lawn, pull the weeds and clean up your room.Tom: OK, OK. Ill do my chores.

St. Albert the Great Quotes

Known as Doctor Universalis (Universal Doctor) for the extraordinary depth of his knowledge and learning, Albertus Magnus wrote extensively on numerous subjects. Here are some words of ​wisdom  from a variety of his writings, as well as quotations that have been attributed to him. St. Albert the Great Quotes The aim of natural science is not simply to accept the statements of others, but to investigate the causes that are at work in nature. De Mineralibus (On Minerals) The beaver is an animal which has feet like those of a goose for swimming and front teeth like a dog, since it frequently walks on land. It is called the castor from castration, but not because it castrates itself as Isidore says, but because it is especially sought for castration purposes. As has been ascertained frequently in our regions, it is false that when it is bothered by a hunter, it castrates itself with its teeth and hurls its musk  away and that if one has been castrated on another occasion by a hunter, it raises itself up and shows that it lacks its musk. De Animalibus (On Animals). The Isidore Albertus refers to is Isidore of Seville, who wrote an encyclopedia that included descriptions of many animals, both real and fabulous. Do there exist many worlds, or is there but a single world? This is one of the most noble and exalted questions in the study of Nature. Attributed He took over anger to intimidate subordinates, and in time anger took over him. Attributed I shall not conceal a science that was before me revealed by the grace of God; I shall not keep it to myself, for being afraid of attracting its curse. What worth is a concealed science; what worth is a hidden treasure? The science I have learned without fiction I transmit with no regret. Envy upsets everything; an envious man cannot be fair before God. Every science and knowledge proceeds from God. Saying it proceeds from the Holy Ghost is a simple way of expressing oneself. No one can thus say Our Lord Jesus Christ without implying Son of God our Father, by work and grace of the Holy Ghost. In the same manner, this science cannot be separated from the One who has communicated it unto me. The Compound of Compounds. The science Albertus is talking about is alchemy. In studying nature we have not to inquire how God the Creator may, as He freely wills, use His creatures to work miracles and thereby show forth His power; we have rather to inquire what Nature with its immanent causes can naturally bring to pass.-- De Vegetabilibus (On Vegetation) Nature must be the foundation and model of science; thus Art works according to Nature in everything it can. Therefore, it is necessary that the Artist follows Nature and operates according to her. The Compound of Compounds Now it must be asked if we can comprehend why comets signify the death of magnates and coming wars, for writers of philosophy say so. The reason is not apparent, since vapor no more rises in a land where a pauper lives than where a rich man resides, whether he be king or someone else. Furthermore, it is evident that a comet has a natural cause not dependent on anything else; so it seems that it has no relation to someones death or to war. For if it be said that it does relate to war or someones death, either it does so as a cause or effect or sign. De Cometis (On Comets) The second great wisdom ... is the science of the judgments of the stars, which provides a link between natural philosophy and metaphysics ... No human science attains this ordering of the universe as perfectly as the judgment of the stars does. Speculum Astronomiae (The Mirror of Astronomy) This dumb ox will fill the world with his bellowing. Attributed. The quote was supposedly in response to students calling Thomas Aquinas a dumb ox because he tended to stay so quiet. To say that there is a soul in stones simply in order to account for their production is unsatisfactory: for their production is not like the reproduction of living plants, and of animals which have senses. For all these we see reproducing their own species from their own seeds; and a stone does not do this at all. We never see stones reproduced from stones ... because a stone seems to have no reproductive power at all. De Mineralibus Whoever believes that Aristotle was a god, must also believe that he never erred. But if one believes that Aristotle was a man, then doubtless he was liable to error just as we are. Physica

Essay Case Study Free Essays

G became aware what the counterpart has planned for the agenda and he was surprised and concerned about he detailed and long business meals and cultural trips without any information or expenditures, knowing that the companies budget is limited. Asking for more information, the local organizer of the counterpart ignored Mr†¦ G’s requests, even the solicitation to speak with the boss, was rejected due to busyness and non-existent importance. At the end of the conference Mr†¦ G was surprised in the positive way, that the conference finally was a complete success. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay: Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why were the communication and the procedure of organizing the conference between the two parties so efferent? According to the theory of Edward T. Hall Is this, a classical example of monochrome and polychrome cultures. In polychrome cultures like in the example of the venue, time Is flexible. It Is accepted to do various things at once, agendas and business meals were extended at the pleasant way or laid, and cultural events will be organized without consultation. Also communication, via emails like in the example of Mr†¦ G, is not always enjoyable with people from this culture. Because of the different meaning of time. Time is wasted and not taken seriously because it can be changed in seconds; they have a constant state of flux. Scheduled events or plans can be discarded or changed immediately. They interact with several customers at once, and are entangled with each other. Arranging dates therefore is very difficult. In the view of Mr†¦ G, who is obviously a monochromatic type, is this situation awkward. He likes doing things one by one and in an accurate way. Plans or events are scheduled down to the last detail without Interruptions and In a linear way of time. It is important take ointments seriously without breaking deadlines. Monochromatic types are short- term oriented and therefore leisure time Is only accepted after the Job Is done and projects are promptly and satisfactory. Another culture difference, which occurs In this example, is the dimension of power distance from the theorist Egger Hefted. And expect that power will be allocated unequally. According to Hefted there are two differences, low power distance and large power distance. In large power distance cultures as in the case, employees are awaiting for instructions by their boss. They need to be told what to do, in the way it has to be done and they also accept the high differences in the range of salaries and executive positions. Mr†¦ G requested several times for more information’s but Ms. K the local organizer ignored his objection, even a request for a conversation with the boss of the local organizer was denied due to busyness of the boss. Which means the boss has other important things to do and no one is allowed to interrupt him or to question his decisions. Here the subordinates accept the high power status, and when the boss gives the control way like in the case, organizing the event, neither Ms. K nor Mr†¦ G has to doubt about the planning progression of the international conference. In lower power distance culture, subordinates like Mr†¦ G and others superiors consider to be treated equally. Flat hierarchies are expected, without having differences in executive positions. That’s why Mr†¦ G felt quite unsatisfactory to be treated unfairly. He only wanted to be well informed about the progression for the conference and be aware of new circumstances for his planned project. How to cite Essay: Case Study, Free Case study samples

Goethes statement treat people as if they were w Essay Example For Students

Goethes statement treat people as if they were w Essay hat they ought to beGoethes statement, Treat people as if they were what they ought to be and you help then to become what they are capable of being is commonly used in both a positive and negative form in todays society. When a person looks the statement carefully over, they will find the meaning into what he is saying. From the Bible, the quote Do unto others as you would have others do unto you is very similar to Goethes statement. If a person acts in a certain way toward somebody, then the environment and the people in which that person is surrounded by affects his attitude directly. When a person believes somebody has the capability to be more than they are, and the person pushes that person to succeed, the person will live up to those standards. By having another source other than yourself see what you are capable of doing, it lets people see themselves from a different perspective. There are many examples in modern day society of Goethes statement. A positive example of a modern day Goethe statement is in the Army. When a person thinks of the Army, the first thing that a person will think of is the quote Be all that you can be. The is an encouraging statement for people, and this will make people feel as if they can be part of something more helpful and proud. If a person exerts their whole self into becoming a soldier, and if other people tell them that they have the power to be more than just average, then, they put forth more effort, and feel better about themselves. Another positive example is in the acting business. While an actor is on stage saying his lines, he might meet the criticism of the director. The director of a play should know the ability of an actor, and by criticizing him; it is helping them become a better actor. There are also people with professions that, on a daily basis, they help people better themselves. These people are teachers and tutors. Teachers and students interact with each other more out of a day than most students interact with their parents. Teachers help us expand and open our mind by giving us skills throughout students early life to help students when they are older. By learning information from teachers, students become better people, in a couple of ways. Besides inquiring knowledge from their teachers, students learn to work with one another, open their mind to other peoples thoughts and ideas, respect one another, and learn different techniques for lifes issues. A coach for a group of students can also be a positive effect on a person. When a coach tells a person that they can push harder and do better, the person becomes encouraged to do so. When a coach encourages his team, the moral of the team goes up, and therefore the results from the team go up, and they become better. Goethes statement does not just hold a place for positive reinforcement, but negativity as well. As it is stated before, the environment and people in which a person matures in affect his outward behavior toward people. If a child is brought up in a household where abuse toward the child was occurring, the child could do two things from the behavior from the parents. One is that the child could become submissive, very shy, unsure, shut off, depressed, and withdrawn from society because of the feelings of guilt and sadness that lies within the child. Two, is that the child could become abusive and angry himself. If a child is brought up in an environment where he is routinely abused, and knows no love, then how can that child show love when it has never known what love is? The child could mature to be an angry, cold human being, and might pass on that tradition that he has learned from his parents, to his own children. .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .postImageUrl , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:visited , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:active { border:0!important; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:active , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fine white sand clung on to my damp feet as I ambled along the beach EssayHere is another example of a negative way that this is used in todays society. A person who is pessimistic toward people often has a consequence of others around him developing the same way.

Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Example

Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay Essay Overview Welcome to the Student Study Guide for Spring 2010. This papers will help you analyze throughout the semester and as you prepare for the common concluding test required for all subdivisions of MRKT 310. Your module member has been instrumental in the design of this trial. Continue to seek his or her aid understanding the stuff as the semester progresses. Many of the text constructs are non included in the concluding test and your module member through written assignments. instance surveies. conferences. or other methods will measure your apprehension of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Marketing (MRKT 310) Study Guide Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer UMUC requires all proctored concluding test in the School of Undergraduate Studies be closed book. Therefore. no notes or other survey AIDSs will be allowed in the testing centre. This is a comprehensive concluding test covering the full class. All policies and processs required by UMUC and the testing centre apply. For those of you taking the paper and pencil version of the concluding test. there are two versions ( Version A and Version B ) each dwelling of an eight-page Test Instrument and a six-page Answer Sheet ( pages 9 through 14 ) . You may happen it utile to detach the Answer Sheet from the Test Instrument to let you easier entree to both paperss. Write your name and subdivision figure ( e. g. . 6980. 6981. 6982. etc. ) on the Answer Sheet. You may compose on the trial instrument. but lone responses on the Answer Sheet will be graded. For those of you taking the on-line version of the concluding test. all instructions will be noted on your computing machine screen. The on-line concluding test is indistinguishable to the paper-and-pencil version except for the inquiry order. We strongly promote you to subscribe up for the on-line version if it is available at your proving site. Please be warned that this is non an easy trial and you should be prepared to pass the full three-hour clip allocation at your proctored testing centre. Most of your clip should be spent on the short and long essays. Do non brood on the definitions and the multiple-choice subdivisions. You will either cognize them or you won’t. depending on your readying. and you will blow valuable clip you will necessitate for the essays. You should be having this common pupil survey usher at the beginning of the semester. Print it out and maintain it near at manus. Be certain to reexamine it carefully and inquire your module member any clear uping inquiries on either trial format or content prior to the first twenty-four hours of finals hebdomad. Once finals hebdomad has begun. your module member will non be able to reply any inquiries sing the concluding test. When you finish your test. return BOTH the Test Instrument and your completed Answer Sheet to your monitor. Answer Sheets returned without the Test Instrument will non be graded. Part I – Definitions ( 25 per centum ) You will necessitate to cognize the definitions for 25 selling footings. You will read the definition and choose the right reply from the Word Bank. Then. publish the figure of the right term on your reply sheet. Following is the exact Word Bank as it will look on your concluding test. WORD BANKAll correct footings for the above 25 statements can be found on this list. 1. Brand 2. value proposition 3. gross revenues publicity 4. adulthood 5. motivation 6. economic environment 7. microenvironment 8. direct selling 9. consumer perceived value 10. life style 11. selling mix 12. market cleavage 13. consumer market 14. Marketing information system 15. merchandise mix 16. value bringing web 17. SWOT analysis 18. intensive distribution 19. monetary value snap 20. placement 21. commercialisation 22. Product life rhythm 23. merchandise 24. mark market 25. civilization 1. Brand – is a name. mark. symbol. motto or anything that is used to place and separate a specific merchandise. service. or concern. 2. Value proposition – is an analysis and quantified reappraisal of the benefits. costs and value that an organisation can present to clients and other component groups within and outside of the organisation. 3. Gross saless publicity is one of the four facets of promotional mix. ( The other three parts of the promotional mix are advertisement. personal merchandising. and publicity/public relations. ) Media and non-media selling communicating are employed for a pre-determined. limited clip to increase consumer demand. stimulate market demand or better merchandise handiness. 4. Adulthood 5. Motive – An emotion. desire. physiological demand. or similar urge that acts as an incitation to action. 6. Economic environment – Economics is the societal scientific discipline that surveies the production. distribution. and ingestion of goods and services. 7. The micro-environment consists of stakeholder groups that a house has regular traffics with. The manner these relationships develop can impact the costs. quality and overall success of a concern. Suppliers. distributers. clients and competition. 8. Direct selling – is a signifier of advertisement that reaches its audience without utilizing traditional formal channels of advertisement. such as Television. newspapers or wireless. Businesss communicate straight to the consumer with advertisement techniques such as flyers. catalogue distribution. promotional letters. and street advertisement. 9. Consumer perceived value – The value of a merchandise is the mental appraisal a consumer makes of it. Formally it may be conceptualized as the relationship between the consumer’s perceived benefits in relation to the sensed costs of having these benefits. It is frequently expressed as the equation: Value = Benefits / Cost 10. Lifestyle – A mode of life that reflects the person’s values and attitudes. 11. Marketing mix – Product. monetary value. topographic point and publicity. Packaging. Peoples. Public Voice. Pamper. Politicss and Physical Evidence. 12. Market cleavage – Market cleavage is a scheme that involves spliting a larger market into subsets of consumers who have common demands and applications for the goods and services offered in the market. These subgroups of consumers can be identified by a figure of different demographics. depending on the intents behind placing the groups. Selling runs are frequently designed and implemented based on this type of client cleavage. 13. Consumer market – A defined group of consumers. Buyers and possible purchasers of goods and services for personal and family usage 14. Marketing information system – Set of processs and patterns employed in analysing and measuring selling information. gathered continuously from beginnings inside and outside of a house. Seasonably marketing information provides footing for determinations such as merchandise development or betterment. pricing. packaging. distribution. media choice. and publicity. See besides market information system. 15. Product mix – Range of associated merchandises which yield larger gross revenues gross when marketed together than if they are marketed separately or in isolation of others. 16. Value bringing web – A Value Delivery is a company’s supply concatenation and how it spouses with specific providers and distributers in the procedure of bring forthing goods and presenting them to market. It involves utilizing competitory advantages external to the house ( providers. distributers. clients ) . 17. SWOT analysis – A scan of the internal and external environment is an of import portion of the strategic planning procedure. Environmental factors internal to the house normally can be classified as strengths ( S ) or failings ( W ) . and those external to the house can be classified as chances ( O ) or menaces ( T ) . Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. 18. Intensive distribution – Marketing scheme under which a house sells through as many mercantile establishments as possible. so that the consumers encounter the merchandise virtually everyplace they go: supermarkets. drug shops. gas Stationss. etc. Soft drinks are by and large made available through intensive distribution. 19. Price snap – Is an snap used in economic sciences to demo the reactivity of the measure demanded of a good or service to a alteration in its monetary value. 20. Positioning – In selling. placement has come to intend the procedure by which sellers try to make an image or individuality in the heads of theirmark market for its merchandise. trade name. or organisation. 21. Commercialization – is the procedure or rhythm of presenting a new merchandise into the market. 22. Product life rhythm – A new merchandise progresses through a sequence of phases from debut to growing. adulthood. and diminution. This sequence is known as the merchandise life rhythm and is associated with alterations in the selling state of affairs. therefore impacting the selling scheme and the selling mix. 23. Product – An point that ideally satisfies a market’s privation or demand. 24. Target market – Involves interrupting a market into sections and so concentrating your selling attempts on one or a few cardinal sections. 25. Culture – Represents the behaviour. beliefs and. in many instances. the manner we act learned by interacting or detecting other members of society. In this manner. much of what we do is shared behavior. passed along from one member of society to another. Part II – Multiple Choice ( 20 per centum ) There are 20 multiple-choice inquiries from which you can choose a. b. c. or vitamin D responses. Be careful as most multiple-choice inquiries will hold at least two picks that look executable. Choose the 1 that is the most on point. The multiple-choice inquiries are both definitional and application types. Choose the right missive of your pick and compose it on the Answer Sheet in the suitably numbered box. The undermentioned list comprises those constructs from the text. which you can anticipate to be assessed via the concluding test. They are presented in order of the class aims. Course Objective 1 – understand how selling scheme creates a positiverelationship between a house and its clients. ( Chapter 1 ) 1. Relationships between demands. wants. demands – is the procedure by which companies determine what merchandises or services may be of involvement to clients. and the scheme to utilize in gross revenues. communications and concern development. [ 1 ] It is an incorporate procedure through which companies create value for clients and construct strong client relationships in order to capture value from clients in return. Selling is used to place the client. to maintain the client. and to fulfill the client. With the client as the focal point of its activities. it can be concluded that marketing direction is one of the major constituents of concern direction. The development of selling was caused due to mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries. Companies so shifted the focal point from production to the client in order to remain profitable. The term selling construct holds that accomplishing organisational ends depends on cognizing the demands and wants of mark markets and presenting the coveted satisfactions. [ 2 ] It proposes that in order to fulfill its organisational aims. an organisation should expect the demands and wants of consumers and fulfill these more efficaciously than rivals. 2. Marketing direction orientations – An organisation with a market orientation focuses its attempts on 1 ) continuously roll uping information about customers’ demands and competitors’ capablenesss. 2 ) sharing this information across sections. and 3 ) utilizing the information to make client value. 3. The market orientation merely defines an organisation that understands the importance of client demands. makes an attempt to supply merchandises of high value to its clients. and markets its merchandises and services in a co-ordinated holistic plan across all sections. In what we call the â€Å"Marketing Concept. † the company embraces a doctrine that the â€Å"Customer is King. † The Marketing Concept is an attitude. It’s a doctrine that is driven down throughout the organisation from the really top of the direction construction. The Marketing Concept communicates that â€Å"the client is king. † Everything that the company does focal points on the client. Via the Marketing Concept. a company makes every attempt to outdo understand the wants and demands of its mark market and to make want-satisfying goods that best carry through the demands of that mark market and to make this better than the competition. The term selling construct holds that accomplishing organisational ends depends on cognizing the demands and wants of mark markets and presenting the coveted satisfactions. [ 2 ] It proposes that in order to fulfill its organisational aims. an organisation should expect the demands and wants of consumers and fulfill these more efficaciously than rivals. 4. Partner relationship direction – is a concern scheme for bettering communicating between companies and their channel spouses. 5. Importance and procedure of Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) – is a company-wide concern scheme designed to cut down costs and increase profitableness by solidifying client satisfaction. trueness. and protagonism. True CRM brings together information from all informations beginnings within an organisation ( and where appropriate. from outside the organisation ) to give one. holistic position of each client in existent clip. This allows client confronting employees in such countries as gross revenues. client support. and selling to do speedy yet informed determinations on everything from cross-selling and upselling chances to aim selling schemes to competitory placement tactics. Course Objective 2 – Appreciate the importance of moralss and societal duty in selling. ( Chapter 20 ) Differences between consumerism and environmentalism – is a societal and economic order that is based on the systematic creative activity and fosterage of a desire to buy goods or services in of all time greater sums. environmentalism – is a wide doctrine and societal motion sing concerns for environmental preservation and betterment of the province of the environment. 1. Sustainable selling rules2. Role of moralss and corporate duty Course Objective 3 – Understand the function of marketing within an organisation and how selling relates to and drive customer-focused company scheme.( Chapter 2 ) 1. Marketing’s function in company broad strategic planning2. Difference between value concatenation and value bringing web 3. Contentss of a selling program and general thought of what is included in each subdivision 4. Consumer ( or customer-driven ) oriented selling scheme Course Objective 4 – Describe the impact of external and internal environments on selling scheme. ( Chapters 3. 18 ) 1. Major histrions in a company’s microenvironment2. Major forces in a company’s macroenvironment3. Competitive places Course Objective 5 – Demonstrate ability to analyse. synthesise and incorporate cardinal selling construct of market research. consumer behaviour. cleavage. aiming and positioning on practical state of affairss. ( Chapters 4. 5. 7 ) 1. Difference between a selling information system and selling intelligence 2. Psychological factors impacting a person’s purchasing picks 3. Marketing aiming schemes Course Objective 6 – Define and use the selling processes implicit in merchandise. monetary value. topographic point. and publicity determinations. ( Chapters 8. 9. 10. 12. 14 ) 1. Merchandise and service categorizations2. Three degrees of merchandises3. Branding schemes4. Customer equity5. Features of servicesmerchandise life rhythm schemes6. Role of net incomes in presenting client value7. Puting monetary values based on client perceptual experiences of value8. Differences between direct and indirect selling channels Part III – Short Essay Responses ( 25 per centum ) There are six short essay response inquiries ; but you need to finish ONLY FIVE. All of the short essay inquiries are looking for something specific and may affect a listing of stairss or phases in a selling procedure. It will be hard for you to reply these inquiries unless you know the stuff. You do non hold to utilize the exact nomenclature. but you do hold to show you know the stairss or phases for maximal recognition. Your essay responses need to be recorded on the Answer Sheet in the infinite provided ( about l/3 page ) . but if you need extra room you may utilize the rear of the Answer Sheet. Be certain to tag the continued inquiry figure clearly. Leave the essay inquiry you are jumping space. Each short essay response is deserving 5 points. Chapter( one inquiry per chapter )Marketing construct to be tested2Elementss in a company’s microenvironment and why each group is of import to make value 20Be prepared to call a company you believe patterns enlightened selling and support your choice 8Importance and choice of the four trade name scheme determinations. 8Features of services9Selling schemes for each phase of the merchandise life rhythm 11Pricing schemes for new merchandises There are three long essay inquiries that will necessitate you to unify multiple selling constructs and use them to a specific scenario. You ONLY Necessitate TO ADDRESS TWO OF THE THREE LONG ESSAYS. The more particulars you can show the more recognition you can gain. You may desire to sketch your response on the rear of the Test Instrumentprior to composing your response on the Answer Sheet so you can form your ideas and in the sequence you want them presented to your module member for rating. Each long essay inquiry is deserving 15 points. The long essay inquiries will cover the undermentioned selling subjects: 1. Integrated Marketing Communications – Be prepared to urge an IMC scheme including a selling communications mix and principle for a new consumer merchandise 2. Customer Relationship Management – Be prepared to sketch a CRM scheme for a little concern. including recommendations for specific CRM tools to capture client value for that company’s most valued clients. 3. Cleavage. aiming and positioning – Be prepared to sketch the features of at least three distinguishable market sections for a national concatenation mentioning to the standards for effectual sections. Be prepared to support your picks. From all your selling module members — good fortune on this test and the balance of your academic calling.

Responsibilities of an Expert Witnesses

Responsibilities of an Expert Witnesses Free Online Research Papers The following memorandum is provided explain your duties and responsibilities as an expert witness appearing in the Supreme Court of Victoria. Below I have refereed to the relevant provisions contained in the Supreme Court Rules, Practice Notes, Codes of Conduct (all of which are attached) as well as numerous common law examples in order to provide you with a general overview of your expectations and responsibilities as an expert witness. Expertise Rule The court requires that as an expert witness, you posses the relevant qualifications and experience necessary to demonstrate that you are an expert in the subject in which you are being asked to express an opinion, (refer to Order 44.01 Supreme Court (General civil procedure) Rules 2005 for a definition of â€Å"expert.†). Experts obtain a privileged position among witnesses in the court system. They are allowed to present specialist evidence in the form of opinion in much broader circumstances than the lay witness. This is so long as the opinion is bona fide, or involves a matter squarely falling within the expert’s expertise. In addition to this, it is vital to ensure that your observations do not cross your barrier of expertise. I refer you to the cases of Peisley v R (1990) and R v MacKenney Pinfold(1983), in which an expert opinion was dismissed for this very reason. Furthermore, in Duke Group Ltd v Pilmer (1998) , Mullighan J was very critical of the expertis e of an accountant on the basis that he had never been called upon to value businesses such as merchant banking or insurance broking (relevant in this case), nor had he practiced as an accountant in such businesses. This led him to conclude that the accountant involved did not warrant sufficient expertise in regards to the issue in which he was offered as an expert witness. Therefore, please ensure that you do not discuss issues that evidently fall outside the scope of what the court would consider you to be qualified. This rule was well summed up in R v Beland (1987) who stated that â€Å"the function of an expert is to provide for the jury proved facts in a field in which the expert witness possesses special knowledge and experience going beyond that of the trier of fact.† It is also worth noting that no scope exists for expert evidence where an ordinary person is capable of forming a correct view on a particular subject. For example, it is obvious that the court would not require an expert accountant like yourself to add and subtract simple number values. Acting Impartially As an expert witness, there are various roles that you, or the party retaining you, may wish to adopt. However, the Code of Conduct, Form 44A(1) states that those who are engaged as an expert witness have a paramount obligation to assist the court, rather than the party retaining them (see also s.11.2 Practice Note 2004) I therefore advise that you refrain from misrepresenting your expertise in order to assist the party to which you have been appointed, often refereed to as a â€Å"hired gun.† Conceivably, someone who misguidedly believes that his/her duty is to adopt an ethical stance for their own, or for their parties, private purpose, may embrace the â€Å"hired gun† role. However, whilst a lawyer may have a duty to argue for a standpoint he or she does not personally believe in, this is completely contrary to the role of an expert witness. It should be clear by now that the only role suitable to adopt as an expert witness is that of an educator. This involves providing the court and the jury with the appropriate knowledge and information relevant to the particular case in which the ordinary person would be unacquainted. An issue often raised by expert witnesses relates to the extent to which a legal party may assist in forming their expert opinions and assumptions. The foremost principal is for the expert witness to ensure that their independence is not at any stage undermined. I refer you to the case of Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman Licence Holdings Ltd (2005), which involved a solicitor amending the draft report provided to him by an expert witness. An investigation of this claim led to Wilcox J concluding that the expert was willing to concede his independence for the sake of the party retaining him, therefore forbidding the expert’s opinion to be relied on in any contentious matter. Please note that providing your solicitor with a draft report to ensure that no facts or assumptions have been falsely relied on is, by all means, acceptable. Due to the above statements, I strongly advise that regardless of any pressure placed on you from a legal party, you uphold your independence at all times. If not, the court is likely to identify any bias through further expert reports from the opposing party or during cross-examination. The court may also order that the opposing party be entitled to all notes, drafts and emails between the expert and the legal team retaining them in order to determine whether the independence of the expert has been undermined. In addition to this, the expert shall disclose any bias or conflict of interest that may arise. If the above advice is ignored, it may inevitably lead to your credibility and reputation as a future expert witness being severely tarnished. Should any doubt arise in the above matter, I advise that you ask yourself the question, would my expert opinion have been unaffected had the opposing party retained my expert knowledge to enhance their case? If the answer is no, then you must seriously consider your credibility as an expert witness. Reports and Conference Order 44.03(2), s11.3, Form 44A(3) of the Supreme Court Rules, Practice Notes and Codes of Conduct (respectively) each contain provisions stating that an expert witness is to submit a report stating their opinion no later than 30 days before the trial. Along with providing your name, address and qualifications, the report must acknowledge that the code of conduct has been read and adhered to. If such acknowledgement is absent, the expert evidence will be deemed invalid. The fundamental aspect of the expert report requires that you state the facts and assumptions on which each opinion is based. It is imperative that the provisions mentioned above and stated in the attachments are vigilantly abided by. This is as s44.05 of the Supreme Court (General civil procedure) Rules 2005 disallows any further evidence (except by leave of the court, consent by affected parties or through cross-examination) to be heard during the trial unless contained within the report. If an expressed opinion in the report is inaccurate, incomplete or not a concluded opinion (due insufficient research or data, etc), this must be stated via a declaration to be included in the report. This is as Judges will no longer accept an expert opinion without a critical and independent evaluation. If, for a variety of different reasons, the report is amended by the expert at any stage of the proceeding, that change of opinion is to be made known to the party which has retained your services and ,when appropriate, to the court. Order 44.06, s11.6 and Form 44A(5) of the Supreme Court Rules, Practice Notes and Codes of Conduct (respectively) contain provisions allowing the court to direct all expert witnesses involved in a case to confer before the trail. I highly recommend that you familiarise yourself with these provisions, as a conference is most likely to be ordered if 2 or more expert opinions are obtained. The experts participating in the conference are required to provide a joint report detailing matters in which they agree, disagree and a summary of the reasons for disagreement. It is vital that all experts in attendance of the conference are acting independently, without any influential assistance from either party involved in the trial (refer to s.11.6(a) and (b) of the Practice Notes attached). Legal representatives shall only play a role in the conference if directed by the court. I refer you to the case of Phosphate Co-operative Co. of Australia Pty Ltd v Shears (1989). This case involved seve ral expert accountants that remained in frequent contact with their legal representatives, and were thus prepared to alter their expert opinions in a favourable fashion towards the party retaining them. Due to this, the expert reports were not permitted as suitable evidence to be admitted in the trial. While this case involved the expert accountants being influenced in their report writing rather than during a conference, the primary principal derived from the case was that care needs to be taken to ensure that the independence of the expert is not unlawfully violated at any time. The basis rule and awareness of the facts The facts upon which an expert opinion is based must be available for scrutiny by the Courts. It is not expected that a court act upon an opinion, the basis for which is not explained by the witness expressing it. For an experts view to contain value, the court expects that the facts of their opinion be proved by acceptable means or to state unequivocally the presumptions as to the facts on which the opinion is based. This point was highlighted by Priestley JA in Makita (Australia) Pty Ltd v Sprowles (2001) who stated that â€Å"the expert must either prove by admissible ways the facts on which the opinion is based, or state unambiguously the assumption as to the fact on which the opinion is based. For example, Bugg v Day (1949) involved an expert witness being criticised as he reached a conclusion in regards to the speed of a vehicle without the necessary data. Furthermore, it is imperative that the expert witness, either through the party retaining them or some other means, be educated and informed in relation to the facts and circumstances of the case. The above notion was discussed in Makita (Australia) Pty Ltd v Sprowles (2001) and Ronchi v Portland Smelter Services (2005) (which I strongly recommend for further discussion on the following issues). These cases raised the issue of the expert being able to identify the facts of the case relied upon in order to form their opinion. For example, the Full Federal Court in Arnotts Ltd v Trade Practices Commission (1990) stated that Dr Williams, appearing as an expert witness, failed to identify the facts of the case in which his opinion was based. This is as other material presented in the case, in which Dr Williams may not have been aware of, may have altered his expert opinion if they were known. Further, Eames J.A stated in Ronchi that the court does not require the expert to reveal wh at they were told in order to determine its truth, rather it is to identify how the expert reached his/her opinion. Before the court can assess the value of an opinion, it must know the facts upon which it is based. If the expert has been misinformed about the facts or has taken irrelevant facts into consideration, the opinion is likely to be insignificant. Therefore, it is crucial that as an expert witness, you familiarise yourself with the facts of the case, in order for the court to be able to distinguish on what basis the expert opinion is founded. At this stage it is worth noting that an expert witness is not to express his/her opinion on the very question on which the court itself is obliged to decide. The expert cannot give an opinion as to the ultimate fact that the court has to decide. Put simply, judges decide case, not experts. Read in conjunction with the attachments I have included (which I urge that you read and familiarise yourself with), this memorandum shall provide you with the knowledge of the duties that an expert witness owes to the Supreme Court. If you wish to further discuss any of the issues raised, I would advise that you contact the legal party that has retained your services. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cairns B Australian Civil Procedure 6th edition Pyrmont NSW (2005). Freckleton I, Hugh S Expert Evidence; law, practice procedure and advocacy (2005) Lawbook.Co, NSW Gillies H. Law of Evidence in Australia. Pyrmont, NSW (2003) Golvan G, Each to their own: Addressing the problem of expert witnesses partially (2006) 80(9) Law Institute Journal. Walters J.M Expert Witnesses that make a difference, Law Society of Western Australia (1997). Websites www.austlii.com.au Legislation Supreme Court (General civil procedure) rules (2005). Supreme Court (General civil procedure) rules (2005), Codes of Conduct. Supreme Court of Victoria â€Å"Practice Note No.4 of 2004† Commercial List. Cases (where primary legal source has been cited) Makita (Australia) Pty Ltd v Sprowles (2001)52 NSWLR 705 Ronchi v Portland Smelter Services (2005) VSCA 83 Research Papers on Responsibilities of an Expert WitnessesCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaThree Concepts of PsychodynamicDefinition of Export Quotas

Rhetoric and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetoric and Stereotypes - Essay Example Starting with politicians, it should be mentioned that in the book Critical Thinking (8th edition) by B. N. Moore and R. Parker, all the interesting and humorous political references were Republicans or conservatives. Stereotypes associated with politicians are frequent cheating and lying. Politicians often use proverbs in their rhetoric to illustrate the positive qualities of their ideas and to lend authority and expressiveness to speeches and writing (Mieder, 1997). For instance, Adolf Hitler used proverbs in his infamous treatise Mein Kampf. Hitler outlined the goals of National Socialism through proverbs and especially used proverbial expressions when he spoke out against Jews and Communists, picking up phrases from the Bible and religious traditions to illustrate complete hate and anger against many social groups. Winston Churchill read Mein Kampf in translation and saw through Hitler’s use of proverbs into the heart of evil. Churchill turned the tables on Hitler’s rhetoric and used proverbs himself to raise emotions among the Allies. In many of his famous speeches, Churchill used proverbs to sway his listeners to action (Mieder, 1997, pp. 5-6). Politicians learn early in their careers to use the powers of rhetoric to convince people emotionally and spiritually so they can get their ideas implemented. The next group this essay surveys is tattooed persons. At first it should be mentioned that the tattooing is an art and as such – a language by itself. So the tattooed person’s rhetoric is one extra step removed from spoken language and the tattoos are often hidden. Tattooed persons are rather talked about, not talking themselves (except through the language of art). One of the most frequent questions that a tattooed person hears, right after â€Å"Did that hurt?† is the question â€Å"Why did you do it?† This is a question that has as many answers as there are tattoos

Equiano and Pontiac Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equiano and Pontiac - Essay Example While the author seems to admit helplessness in dealing with the slavery, the impression created is the slavery of separation between slaves. In other words, even though slavery was the order of the day, Equiano’s bitterness is on the incarceration the slaves have to endure. In this regard, the aspect of the write could be seen as one that embraces slavery but fights against separation. The above conclusions have been as a result of the tone, language and the words used in the lamentations by the writer. For instance, the statement, â€Å"must every tender feeling be sacrificed to your avarice† is intended to show that even slaves had their ambitions which sadly had to be sacrificed to please the masters. Further, the writer laments that slaves are denied the chance to hobnob wherever they are. Therefore, usage of these statements and words show the aspect from which the writer is speaking. Evidently, Neolin’s criticism in regard toward slavery is the tendency by the Indians to seize the resources of other nations. With strong language and seemingly preparedness, the writer is adamant that the Indians are focused on impoverishing others by forcefully seizing resources. Additionally, the writer is very vehement in criticizing the action by the said group to dictate what kind of food the locals ought to consume. Finally, there is strong element in the purchase of weapons from the Indians by the locals. The writer creates the impression that even without the group’s help, the local people would still live normally courtesy of their religious belief in God. While both writers agree on the needlessness of slavery, the difference is in addressing their slave masters. While Equiano takes an approach that could be described as a rebuke, Pontiac seems to be prepared to fight them. Additionally, Equiano chooses to rebuke the oppressors using their own faith unlike Pontiac who uses his belief. Moreover, Pntiac goes a

Mongol Yoke Impact on Russias Development

Mongol Yoke Impact on Russias Development The principalities of Russia had a long history of clashes between those on the Russian frontier and nomadic peoples. The existing equilibrium of attacks between the principalities and the nomads was disturbed altered by the emergence of the Mongol empire. The Mongols unified the large groups of nomads creating a large united force and empire that stretched across Asia, to the loose border of the Kievan Rus. By 1237 Batu Khan, ruler of the Mongols, turned his sights to the Rus and launched the Storm of the Mongols. In only three years Kiev had been captured and destroyed and the Russian lands conquered. Rather than subjugate the Russian principalities the Mongols implemented a system of suzerainty in which the Russian princes would pay tribute[1], and Russia would act as a vassal state. The rein of the Mongols over Russia for almost two centauries had some positive impact on Russias development and has had a lasting influence on Russian culture and identity. With the freshly conquered Russia under their control, the Mongols needed to implement the administrative system for collecting the tribute that they demanded from the Russian people. The Mongols decided on using the existing system of principalities to require that each prince collect the taxation from the land which they controlled. Princes were incentivised to cooperate with their Mongol occupants as those that did were given greater powers and control to reign over their principalities. The Mongols pursued a policy of divide and concur, as due to the competition for Mongol favour the Kievan Rus disintegrated further as principalities communicated less. The competition and struggle for power was particularly great between the principalities of Moscow and Tver as both competed to become the most influential Russian principality and for the yarlyk. In the 13th century the Principality of Tver was less dependent on the Golden Horde, and as a result its people grew frustrated at the t axation and subjection and started to rise in rebellion in 1327. Prince Ivan I of Moscow saw this as an opportunity to gain further favour of the Mongol rulers and to defeat Tver, taking his Muscovite forces to quash and put down the rebellion, restoring order. In reward for his loyalty the Khan bestowed to Prince Ivan I the yarlyk, and to Moscow the sole responsibility for tax collection across the lands[2]. This decision has a dramatic impact on the balance of power in Russia and its development that is evident still today. Due to its role as main tax collector Moscow grew ever wealthier, which was aided by the screwed and skilled ruling of the Muscovite Princes. With their increasing wealth the Moscow began a process of gathering of the Russian lands in which it bought up and subjected other principalities allowing them more access to resources taxes and consequently more power. This progression continues and by the 15th century the Moscows power has expanded to most principaliti es being under Muscovite control. Therefore the Mongol decision to grant the yarlyk to the Muscovite Prince Ivan I had a great impact on the development of Russia as it led to the unification and consolidation of its lands under the rule of Moscow. No longer was Russia to be ruled be divided and competing Princes and their principalities. This was to be highly beneficial to Russias development as the principalities led to a state of constant turmoil as Princes warred with one another, which is highly costly in resources and manpower, hindering development. The consolidation of power under Moscow created the relative stability needed for Russia to develop and flourish. Additionally the impact of favouring Moscow has been incredibly long lasting as Moscow is still the capital and largest city in Russia today. The Mongols had a significant impact on the forming of the administrative structure that developed in Muscovy. This was not as a result of the Mongols imposing these systems upon the Russian rulers, but rather the Muscovite princes deliberate attempt to adopt and modify the Mongol administrative structure as a model for their own[3]. The Muscovite princes gained a first-hand understanding of these political and administrative structures during their numerous visits to the Khan, as well as many of their sons being kept within the Mongol Empire to ensure the cooperation of the ruling princes. These institutional reforms were to be highly beneficial to Russias development, as the number of principalities that fell under Muscovite control increased so did the need for administration of these territories. Muscovys princes turned to the Mongol legacy for inspiration as it was necessary to implement a full scale administrative bureaucracy as they needed a system to govern over their growing lands and to maintain control over their acquired principalities[4]. The princes naturally adopted and modified institutions that they had seen work well for the Mongols and applied it to their lands. Perhaps most important of the institutions was the system of daruaga, the territorial subdivision of Russia and the greater Mongol Empire. The governing of these territories was the responsibility of the darughachi who were the main administrators, and primarily the tax collectors. This system was developed and implemented by Ivan Kalita and future princes as the structure of tax collection and control in their territories. Consequently the Mongols had a significant impact on Russias development as the daruaga was a Mongol invention, and the wealth amassed by Muscovy through taxation was vital for its expansion and consolidation of Russian lands. However the Mongol influence in the development of taxation should not be overstated. The Mongols did not need to make major changes or alte rations to the existing Rus institutions as the surviving principalities already contained their own hierarchical structures and tributary networks[5]. Nevertheless, it was the levying of tributes upon Russia by the Mongols which led to these systems being formalised and strengthened by adopting Mongol institutions that resulted in the daruaga. The Mongol influence and impact on finance and trade in Russia has been lasting and is evident still today as the Russian word for money, dengi originates from the Tatar word denga as the first paper money to appear in Russia was issued under Mongol rule. Additionally many words concerning trade and banking are of Mongol origin including tamozhnya (customs), kazna (treasury), tovar (good or merchandise)[6]. To enable taxation to be efficient and as effective as possible the Mongols gave great priority to census tabulation and had performed the first census of the Rus by 1257, just 17 years after its conquest. Census recording was conducted by the darugi and served to ensure that taxes were being paid by all and of the purpose of conscription. Moscow continued this practice of collecting census data for centuries after the fall of the Mongol Empire. Russia was one of the earliest adopters of census tabulation as it would not become prevalent in Europe until the early 19th century, and not to the level of thoroughness and detail achieved in Russia. The impact of the Mongol rule on the development of Russia is apparent and extensive as it helped the Russian princes to create a strong and central government needed to govern a vast and populous territory, and later empire. In addition to aiding the expansion of Muscovy, the Mongols brought with them the institutions needed to maintain a growing territory. The Mongols had much experience ruling great sprawling empires, and had developed the institutions needed to rule vast land masses. One of these important development was the yam. The yam was a system of posts which was developed to provide to messengers and leaders; food, bedding and horses[7]. Each post ensured riders with rested horses and a place to retire exhausted horses, allowing riders to travel faster and further. The local people were responsible for the sustaining of these posts and caring for the horses. The yam enabled the Mongols to communicate quickly between the Khan and local leaders as a form of a fast postal service, but also dispatch elites between the various cities and principalities across the large Mongol Empire. The system was fast and efficient with a Hapsburg emissary reporting that the yam had allowed him to travel 500 kilo metres in only three days, much faster than anywhere else in Europe[8]. The yam system was important to the Mongols being able to maintain a tight control over its empire, and its usefulness was noticed by the Muscovite princes. Towards the end of Mongol control over Russia, Prince Ivan III continued to use the Mongol invention as the established method of communication as it gave to the price all the same benefits it did to the Mongols. By adopting the yam Muscovy had greater control over its citizens and was able to operate more effectively. The Mongols therefore had some impact on the development of Russia as whilst the yam does differ to the contemporary postal system we have today, it continued to be operated by Russian princes long after the Mongol Khans lost their control of the region and remained largely unchanged until the early 18th century. Whilst the Mongols Yoke did bring some positive aspects to Russia, much of the impact of the Mongols was negative and detrimental to Russias development. During the invasion of the Rus by the Mongol armies looted and razed cities and slaughtered the people, devastating whole regions. It is believed that around half the population of the Kievan Rus died during the Mongol invasion[9] which has given the Mongol Empire and its rule over Russia a reputation of brutality. This sense of Mongol brutality and Russian victimhood has had a lasting impact on Russian national identity and Russian culture. As a consequence the Mongols were blamed for the destruction of the Kievan Rus and from this was born the idea of oriental despotism and an unwillingness to attribute improvements to the Mongol Yoke. However it seems that whilst the initial invasion by the Mongols was certainly bloody and destructive, they were no solely responsible for the turmoil, rather warring principalities continued to bat tle one another in quasi civil wars. Additionally, Russian chronicles have very limited records of the rule of the Mongols following their assault and their immediate consequences. Whilst it is possible that a sense of national pride resulted in the monks responsible for chronicling the events choosing to omit the Mongols from their records out of shame of being dominated by a foreign and non-Christian force, it is also possible that the Mongol Yoke simply did not have that great of an impact on normal Russians. As the Mongols utilised some of the existing hierarchical power systems their control over the Rus was indirect and therefore less noticeable. Furthermore the violence between Russian principalities was more noticeable and striking at the time, allowing for the impact of the Yoke to be ignored. This suggests that whilst the initial invasion of the Rus certainly had a negative impact on Russias development as it resulted in the deaths of so many, but also the destruction of c ities such as Kiev that would take centauries to recover. Additionally the tribute in the form of taxes placed on the people would have been a burden on the Russian people, particularly for the peasantry and serfs[10], but they were not a new phenomenon for the Russian people as they would have been expected to pay tribute to their prince before the Mongol invasion. Therefore the negative impact that the Mongols had on Russias development has likely been exaggerated as beyond the immediate invasion the Mongols avoided creating significant changes to the ruling of Russia and adapted existing structures. In conclusion, beyond the initial devastation that the Mongols inflicted upon Russia it would seem that overall the Mongol Yoke had a moderately positive impact in the development of Russia. By giving favour to the Muscovite princes and granting them the role of tax collectors enabled the principality to flourish and grow. The unifying and gathering of the Russian lands that was possible with this wealth has had an enormous impact on Russias development as it allowed for the creation of a strong centralised government that still exists as the capital today. Furthermore the creation of the yam system had a positive impact on Russias development, as the Russian princes continued to utilise the Mongol invention long after their Empire collapsed as they benefited from fast communication. Overall the impact of the Mongol Yoke is only moderate as some of the institutions credited to their rule although certainly beneficial, were improvements upon existing Rus systems, such as the use of ce nsus tabulation to improve taxation. Additionally if their impact was more significant it would be expected for there to be greater mention of the Mongol Yoke within Russian documents of the time. Bibliography Dmytryshyn, Basil. A History of Russia. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977 Goldfrank, David M. Muscovy and the Mongols: Whats What and Whats Maybe. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1.2 (2008): 259-266. Halperin, Charles J. Russia and the golden horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history. Vol. 445. Indiana University Press, 1987 Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia and the Russians: A History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001 Hosseini, Dustin. The Effects of the Mongol Empire on Russia, Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studie 2005. Ostrowski, Donald. Muscovy and the Mongols: cross-cultural influences on the steppe frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Ostrowski, Donald. The Mongol Origins of Muscovite Political Institutions. Slavic Review (1990): 525-542. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. A History of Russia. Sixth ed. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2000. The Moscow Times,. Was Tatar Yoke Really All That Bad? | News. N.p., 2015. Web. Apr. 19 2000. Vernadsky, George. A history of Russia. Vol. 5. Yale University Press, 1969. Wittfogel, Karl A. Russia and the East: A Comparison and Contrast, Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1963: 627-643. [1] Ostrowski, Donald. Muscovy and the Mongols: cross-cultural influences on the steppe frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press, 2002. [2] Hosseini, Dustin. The Effects of the Mongol Empire on Russia, Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studie 2005. [3] Ostrowski, Donald. The Mongol Origins of Muscovite Political Institutions. Slavic Review (1990): 525-542 [4]Halperin, Charles J. Russia and the golden horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history. Vol. 445. Indiana University Press, 1987. [5] Goldfrank, David M. Muscovy and the Mongols: Whats What and Whats Maybe. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1.2 (2008): 259-266. [6] The Moscow Times,. Was Tatar Yoke Really All That Bad? | News. N.p., 2015. Web. Apr. 19 2000. [7] Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia and the Russians: A History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001 [8] Wittfogel, Karl A. Russia and the East: A Comparison and Contrast, Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1963: 627-643. [9] Vernadsky, George. A history of Russia. Vol. 5. Yale University Press, 1969. [10] Stearns, Peter. Russia in Bondage, World Civilizations: The Global Experience

Walton’s Letters in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay -- Mary Shelley

Walton’s Letters in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein ‘Frankenstein’ is a gothic, science fiction novel written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. It was written in Switzerland in 1816 and London in 1816-1817. The novel begins with a series of letters from the explorer Robert Walton to his sister, Margaret Saville. The entirety of ‘Frankenstein’ is contained within Robert Walton’s letters, which record the narratives of both Frankenstein and the monster. Walton’s letters act like a framing device for Victor’s narrative. Shelley’s use of letters enables the shift of narrative from one character to another, while still remaining like a standard novel. Walton’s is only the first of many voices in ‘Frankenstein’. His letters set up a frame which encloses the main narrative (Frankenstein’s), and provides the context in which it’s told. The letters from Walton, a well-to-do Englishman with a passion for exploring, start when he’s in St.Petersburg. He is writing to his sister Margaret in England. He assures her that he is safe and is looking forward to his voyage which has been his dream for many years. He tells his sister of his preparations leading up to his departure, and of the desire burning in him to accomplish â€Å"some great purpose†- exploring and discovering uncharted territory in the North Pole. There are also many roles which Walton’s letters undertake in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein’. Each letter has a different role and introduces new ideas. One of the main functions of the letters is to set the scene for the telling of the stranger’s narrative. In addition to this, Walton’s letters introduce an important character, Walton himself, whose story parallels Frankenstein’s. Walton parallels Victor in ... ...ledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently wish that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been.† The theme of destructive knowledge is developed and predominates throughout the novel as the tragic consequences of Frankenstein’s search for knowledge are revealed. Walton, like Frankenstein also in the pursuit of knowledge attempts to surpass previous human explorations in order to discover the secrets of the unknown. Overall the role of Walton’s letters in ‘Frankenstein’ are very important. Not only do they introduce important characters such as Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and the monster. But they also establish the period and place in which the novel is set, introduce important ideas and themes which prevail throughout the novel, and introduce and frame the novel in a creative and interesting way.

Mkt 421 Week 3 Kudler Paper

Marketing Research: Kudler Fine Foods Susan Karr MKT 421 October 1, 2012 Ricci Rizzo Marketing Research: Kudler Fine Foods In order to succeed, it is fundamental that businesses satisfy consumers’ needs (and desires) for goods and services. Appropriate market research provides the data necessary to understand those needs and respond to them effectively and profitably. Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) has performed market research in the past. Some of that research has been helpful; some has not. Additional market research is needed for KFF to reach a larger share of the market and increase profitability.Kudler Fine Foods is a gourmet grocery store. KFF sells meat, produce, cheese, and wine. They also provide catering services. KFF has targeted two market segments, high-income consumers and gourmands (gourmet food enthusiasts) (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011, Sales Plan 2007 webpage). These markets were selected based on the strengths owner Kathy Kudler brings to her organization. Gourmet food is Kathy’s passion. KFF has used historical data, customer surveys, and feedback from its sales force to discover what its target market wants.Observing patterns in historical data and extending those patterns to predict the future, or trend extrapolation, is the â€Å"best-known statistical method† for predicting future sales (Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2011, p. 215). Salesforce survey forecasts, such as the feedback from managers at the operations review meetings on the sample offerings Kathy is considering, are another logical approach to discovering what the target customer wants (Kerin, Hartley, & Rudelius, 2011, p. 215). KFF’s customer surveys are an additional tool used to fine-tune what their customers (new and existing) really want.The company has begun to track customer purchase behavior to forecast which products and services are most likely to be in demand and when specifically (year-round, seasonally, holidays, etc. ). KFF is considering a ddressing changes in consumer expectations in the changing e-commerce arena (KFF currently has an informational website that consumers can visit). KFF believes quality and specialty items, especially new ones, are most important to its customers. Kudler Fine Foods has no direct competition with other gourmet grocery stores in their current locations.Kathy chose the locations for this reason and for their accessibility to KFF’s target high income consumers. KFF has been emphasizing direct mail promotions to high income zip codes, word-of-mouth advertising via satisfied customers, and personal sales promotions both in-store and at various community events. Although Kudler Fine Foods has chosen two very specific markets to target, a more thorough understanding of those target markets is needed to deliver what they want. One of KFF’s target markets is gourmands.KFF’s research focus in this area has been primarily on the supply side: Kathy monitors what products the competition is offering, what products are advertised in gourmet magazines, and what products are shown at gourmet conventions and websites. To discover what gourmands want, KFF also needs to research the demand side. Mining on-line blogs and gourmet food forums are two ways KFF can increase its understanding of what gourmands want. Customer surveys, such as the ones KFF currently uses in-store, can also be revised and used both in-store and on-line. Specific areas to be researched include: * What products do they want? A changing selection of items or traditional items? * The newest items available or a more specific selection, such as local artisan wines and cheeses? * When do they want it? * Are there different times when certain items are desired more or less? * What do they want over the holiday season? Or during the summer versus the winter? * Where / how do they want it delivered? * Do they want to shop for it and prepare it themselves? If so, do they want to be able to shop on-line? * Do they want to attend classes to learn how to use the products? * Are they interested in on-line tutorials? * How much do they want the product to cost? Note: Based on answers to KFF’s 2011 Customer Survey, price is one area where additional research is vital. More than 50% of respondents did not feel the merchandise was a â€Å"good value for the money† (Kudler Fine Foods, 2011, 2011 Market Survey webpage). * What do they expect to pay? * What are they willing to pay? (Rizzo, 2012). Additional research is needed to more effectively reach KFF’s other target market, high income consumers. Currently KFF segments this market geographically based on zip code areas determined by various factors to be â€Å"higher-income† areas (based on real estate prices, for example).Although somewhat targeted, this promotional method uses the â€Å"shotgun† approach: direct mail is â€Å"blasted† over an area in hopes of reaching the target (Respon se Targeted Marketing, 2010). Past sales data (information on customers who spent over a certain amount or purchased large quantities) can be mined to determine where they live and how much they make. This demographic information can then be used to procure or generate lists of similar people. Using direct mail promotions, the target market can be contacted more effectively. It is important that KFF take measures to track the results of marketing campaigns.For example, if a direct mail postcard with a promotional offer is sent out, tracking sales generated from that offer will tell KFF if they are reaching their target or wasting their time and need to re-aim. This also means asking customers directly how they found out about KFF or what brought them into the store. Again, updating the current Customer Survey is a simple way to accomplish this. Kudler Fine Foods can improve its marketing strategy by focusing on three competitive intelligence priorities: 1. Understanding the consumer environment 2. Assessing and tracking competitor’s actions 3.Providing early warnings of opportunities and threats Several of the recommendations for increasing understanding of the target market will also help KFF understand the consumer environment better. Increased utilization of internet technology, such as implementing on-line surveys and monitoring gourmet consumer blogs and forums, is simple and cost-effective. Continuing to monitor competitors as Kathy has in the past is also important. To prioritize this, KFF’s department heads and managers can contribute to intelligence gathering, paying particular attention to competition, customers, and trends relevant to their areas of expertise.Most of this information can be gathered during customer and employee interactions; some will require research via internet, magazine, and the gourmet food community, even visiting competitors’ stores. Communication is vital to provide KFF with early warning of threats and opportunities. Kathy visits the stores personally: Discussing consumers and competitors, not just products and services, with employees and managers during these visits will ensure opportunities, as well as threats, are revealed in a timely manner.Kudler Fine Foods has begun to develop a foundation for successfully marketing its products and services. It is important that KFF perform additional research in some areas and continue to modify and improve on its marketing strategy. By updating it Customer Survey, capitalizing on information freely available on the internet and taking advantage of information previously gathered, KFF can reach a larger share of the gourmet foods retail market and increase profitability. References Kerin, R. , Hartley, S. & Rudelius, W. (2011). Marketing (10th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Kudler Fine Foods (2011). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/sales-plan. asp Response Targeted Marketing (2010). Shotgun Marketing Versus Targeted Marketing: 8 Steps To Focus Your Energies And Get More Sales For Less Investment. Retrieved from http://www. responsetargetedmarketing. com/2010/02/05/shotgun-marketing-versus-targeted-marketing-8-steps-to-focus-your-energies-and-get-more-sales-for-less-investment/ Rizzo, R. (2012). Marketing Process. Retrieved from http://www. screencast. com/t/R65nHl3j8ARl

The Ethics Policy Of Dal Jewelry Company - 1282 Words

1. When creating an ethics policy, there are many topics that had better be included so that the employee’s, customers, vendors and management know and comprehend theses’ policies. It is compulsory for DAL Jewelry Company to provide ambiguity when establishing ethics policy and how they are communicated effectively to the employees. Three important considerations in the ethics policy center on gifts from vendors, use of confidential information, and conflicts of interest. 2. Accepting gifts from vendors can create both legal and moral issues within the workplace. Obtaining a gift from a vendor can impede an employee’s ability to be neutral when making purchasing decisions from a vendor or endorsing certain products to a customer. With certain industries, gift giving or receiving from a vendor can create serious problems within the job (Kaufman, 2008). 3. Creating a clear and concise gift giving and receiving policy from and to vendors is the best way for the DAL Jewelry Company to determine if it is appropriate to accept or give a gift, not establishing a gift giving and receiving policy puts our organizations at risk for litigation. While allowing vendors to send gifts to the company, it is important to make the gift a communal gift that can be shared among all of the employees. This reduces any concerns of bias and shows that the vendor is just showing customer appreciation or thanking them for a successful year (Donnelly, 2010). 4. Some company do not allow gift